Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi - Ciências Naturais
The Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi is one of the oldest scientific journals in Brazil. Created by Emilio Goeldi under the original name of Boletim do Museu Paraense de História Natural e Ethnographia, its first issue dates from 1894. Nowadays it is published three times a year in two editions: Natural Sciences (Ciências Naturais) and Human Sciences (Ciências Humanas). The Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Naturais (ISSN 2317-6237) has as main mission to publish original works in the areas of biology (zoology, botany, biogeography, ecology, taxonomy, anatomy, biodiversity, vegetation, nature conservation) and geology. This is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution.
Publication means fully assigning and transferring all copyrights of the manuscript to the journal. The Liability Statement and Assignment of Copyrights will be enclosed with the notice of acceptance. All the authors must sign the document and return it to the journal.
The historical collection of the MG herbary: history, vulnerability and conservation
The herbarium of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MG), the oldest in the Amazon, has, among its important collections, a Historical Collection with more than 17 thousand specimens registered in its database (books tumbled), however more than 21% of these records were not found in the computerized data currently in use. Faced with this finding, investigations were carried out in an attempt to understand this significant disappearance of records, and some questions were raised: What happened to these missing records? When did the records disappear? Did the exsiccates also disappear from the collection? Did these specimens belong to a single taxon (family, genus, species)? Was the history of poor conservation of the collection responsible for the disappearance of these records? The results showed that the families Apocynaceae, Asteraceae, Bignoniaceae, Clusiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Malpighiaceae, Malvaceae and Orchidaceae would be more strongly indicated as susceptible to insect and fungal attacks.
Copyright (c) 2025 Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi - Ciências Naturais
First record of the Normandia Caecilian Caecilia crassisquama Taylor, 1968 (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Caeciliidae) from Peru
We report the first record of Caecilia crassisquama Taylor, 1986 (Caeciliidae) in the Central Cordillera of the Andes, Peru. A single individual was found at the Tabaconas Namballe National Sanctuary, Cajamarca department, Northern Peru. The specimen was collected in a montane forest at an altitude of approximately 1,990 m. It was identified mainly by the count of primary grooves, the absence of secondary grooves, and other morphological characters. This represents the southernmost record for the species at 345.5 km from the type locality in Ecuador. We also present the coloration in life of the species. Our record increases the number of Caecilia species known in Peru to seven.
Occurrence of Catharus fuscescens, veery (Passeriformes: Turdidae), in the south of the state of Minas Gerais, addendum on its wintering area in ecotono Brazil
The veery, Catharus fuscescens, is a migratory bird and a northern visitor that includes Brazil in its route. Although the south of the state of Minas Gerais is ornithologically well studied, the species had not previously been recorded in the region. This record was obtained during mammals studies using camera traps in the municipality of Lavras, MG, represents the first documented occurrence of Catharus fuscescens in the ornithological literature for this area and highlights its implications for understanding the species’ wintering area in Brazil.
Documentation of feeding associations of the Purple Gallinule, Porphyrio martinica (Aves: Rallidae), and the Wattled Jacana, Jacana jacana (Aves: Jacanidae), with the capybara, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (Mammalia: Hydrochaeridae), facilitated by its bea
The capybara, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, is known to form feeding associations with different bird species. One such association involves a beating behavior, in which the animal moves through the environment while birds follow it to capture insects that are disturbed. We documented this behavior in a wetland area of Southeast Brazil, involving the already known association between the capybara and the Wattled Jacana, Jacana jacana, and a previously unknown association between the capybara and the Purple Gallinule, Porphirio martinica. The latter also fed on capybara ticks, another novel association. Expanding knowledge and documenting ecological relationships between mammals and birds contributes to both the natural history of these organisms and ecological and public health issues, as ticks are vectors of spotted fever in Southeast Brazil.
First documented record of interaction between vampire bat, Desmodus rotundus (É. Geoffroy, 1810), and the Greater Naked-tailed Armadillo, Cabassous tatouay (Desmarest, 1804), Brazil
We reported the interaction between a common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) and a greater naked-tailed armadillo (Cabassous tatouay) recorded by camera traps in an Atlantic Forest remnant called ‘Mata da Sucupira Torta’ in Paraíba state, Brazil, in September 2023. This documented biological interaction corroborates the high plasticity of D. rotundus in the search for prey and underscores the urgency of understanding the processes that structure predator-prey relationships, especially in areas increasingly impacted by human activities. This observation also highlights the importance of using alternative methods to address gaps in our understanding of the ecological dynamics between predators and prey.
Occupation of Chartergellus communis Richards, 1978 (Vespidae, Polistinae) nest by Nasutitermes unduliceps Mathews, 1977 (Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae)
Epiponini (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) species typically construct their nests with an external envelope, which providesprotection against predators and the weather, as in Chartergellus communis. For this reason, these nests, when abandoned, are reused by different orders of insects, although until now there had been only a single record involving termites (Blattodea, Termitidae). This study adds information on the reuse of social wasp nests by Termitidae. The record was made in a building next to a gallery forest, a Cerrado phytophysiognomy, in the Parque Nacional Grande Sertão Veredas. The nest still had a protective envelope and the cells of the first comb were blocked by stercoral material, which suggests that the C. communis nest was being used as a satellite nest by termites. This reuse of abandoned wasps’ nests as satellite nests may be frequent in the Cerrado, so we suggest that more observations need to be made to validate this hypothesis, as well as answer an important question: do termites invade the nests of social wasps that are still active, or do they just reuse those that have already been abandoned?
Nesting of Partamona helleri (Friese, 1900) (Apidae) in an abandoned nest of Polybia scutellaris (White, 1841) (Vespidae) in Southeastern Brazil
Social wasp nests are frequently reused by different species for nesting, obtaining food, or protection from the elements and predators. However, there are few records of nest reuse by bees of the Meliponini tribe. Therefore, the aim of this study is to report the use of an abandoned nest of the social wasp Polybia scutellaris by the social bee Partamona helleri. The record was made opportunistically, on May 7, 2024, in a building within an anthropized area, adjacent to a regenerating Atlantic Forest fragment, in the municipality of Inconfidentes, southern Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The bees occupied the entire social wasp’s nest, which was probably already abandoned. The bees did not use the brood cells of the nest for reproduction, but rather deposited material (a mixture of dirt and resins) inside the nest, which was covered on the top and sides, so that only the lower part of the nest was exposed. This reuse probably gave the bees energy savings and shelter for the colony in its early stages. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to understand the frequency of this reuse and whether the nests of social wasps are occupied when abandoned, usurped or shared by the bees.
Honeydew of Aethalion reticulatum (Linnaeus, 1767) (Hemiptera: Aethalionidae) as a food resource for social wasps (Vespidae: Polistinae) in an urban area within the Atlantic Forest-Cerrado ecotone
Aethalion reticulatum frequently forms symbiotic interactions with hymenopteran insects, however, there is little information involving social wasps. Thus, the aim of this study was to provide ecological and ethological information regarding the use of honeydew produced by A. reticulatum as a food resource for different species of social wasps in an urban environment, in an ecotonal region between the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil. During the study, 54 individuals of 10 species of social wasps were recorded consuming honeydew produced by A. reticulatum. It is likely that generalizing and standardizing classifications of interactions between social wasp-hemipteran will not be possible. Nevertheless, our study provides important information: first, different species of Polistinae can simultaneously use honeydew produced by A. reticulatum as a food source in urban environments, and second, it contributes ethological information, with newly behavioral acts, regarding the use and competition for this food resource among social wasps.
Publication trends on vocalizations of anurans in Northeastern Brazil
Studies on anuran vocalizations have increased in Brazil in recent years. However, these studies remain asymmetrically distributed in terms of geographic and taxonomic coverage. In this study, we analyzed the current state of the art of anuran bioacoustics in the Northeast region of Brazil through a systematic online review of published scientific articles. We identified 123 scientific articles reporting research based on anuran vocalizations recorded in Northeastern Brazil. There has been an increase in the number of publications over the years, but the quality of available information was highly variable, with noticeable differences only in papers published in the last decade, when compared to previous years. Recordings could be assigned to 119 taxa, most belonging to the families Hylidae, Leptodactylidae, Bufonidae and Odontophrynidae. Most studies included recordings made in the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga biomes, whereas studies in locations within the Cerrado and the Amazon Forest biomes were scarce. Finally, we analyzed institutions and collaborations involved in the publications and found that there is a temporal trend of increase in the proportion of Northeastern institutions involved in the publications, along with a rise in the average number of authors per publication.
Diet of Athene cunicularia (Strigidae) on the campus of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Brazil
The burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia) is a diurnal and nocturnal owl, distributed from southern Canada to Tierra del Fuego and throughout Brazil. It is a generalist predator with a carnivorous-insectivorous diet. The discovery of nests in an open area, close to the Rectory building on the UFRJ campus prompted ad libitum collections during April and May 2016. This study aims to qualitatively describe the diet of this species in an anthropized environment. 47 pellets containing non-digestible food items such as arthropod exoskeletons, bones, hair, feathers and teeth were collected. The samples were preserved in 70% ethanol and subsequently examined under a stereoscopic microscope. Arthropods were present in 100% of the pellets while vertebrates in 85.1%. Coleoptera, beetles and Orthoptera, grasshoppers, were the most abundant Insecta in the diet, appearing, respectively, in 46 and 44 of the total of 47 samples analyzed. Spiders, Order Araneae, were found in 43 samples; Order Squamata, geckos, in 29 samples, small rodents, Order Rodentia in 11 samples and frogs, Order Anura, in four samples. These results agree with the prevalence of invertebrates, reported in the literature, for the diet of this species, however, they indicate a predominance of reptiles among the vertebrate prey.
The invisible architects: evaluating our understanding of planktonic tunicates in the Atlantic
Appendicularia are planktonic tunicates that construct numerous gelatinous houses each day, being an important source of food and vertical carbon transport in pelagic environments. However, little is known about these organisms in the Atlantic Ocean. This study aimed to provide an overview of the current state of research of the Appendicularia class in the Atlantic southwest. For this work, we reviewed the state of the art on this group based on bibliographic surveys on academic platforms conducted between October and December 2021, resulting in the selection of 83 publications. Of these, only 13.3% corresponded to studies focused on Appendicularia, and the vast majority addressed is zooplankton. A total of 34 species were recorded in the Brazilian ecoregions, Oikopleura dioica, Oikopleura fusiformis, Oikopleura longicauda and Oikopleura rufescens represent 50% of the records. No research group focusing on Appendicularia was found in Brazil, while Argentina has a strong research group for the Southwestern Atlantic. Contrasting, is required a better data management, and enabling future research and the training of researchers focusing on the study of this class.
Avifauna of the Piracicaba Botanical Garden (Santa Rita, Area I), São Paulo and its importance in the restoration and conservation of the Semideciduous Seasonal Forest
This study aimed to survey the avifauna of the Piracicaba Botanical Garden (Santa Rita - Area I), São Paulo and to collect data that demonstrates the use of site resources by birds. The survey was conducted between 2020 to 2023 and 131 species were identified, distributed in 18 orders and 41 families, 2 of which are endemic species of the Atlantic Forest. At least 39 bird of the recorded bird species can contribute to the restoration and conservation of the Semideciduous Seasonal Forest, due to their potential for seed dispersal, pollination or both, according to bibliographic references. The area, which is subject to significant anthropic pressures, requires protection and management measures of its spaces and continuous monitoring of avifauna can be an important tool in this process.
Effects of environmental variation on beta diversity of semi-aquatic bugs in Amazonian streams influenced by bauxite extraction
Bauxite mining represents in the Amazon an economic activity with the potential to impact aquatic biodiversity. In this study, we evaluate the effects of environmental change in areas of bauxite mining and pasture on the diversity of semiaquatic insect communities in Amazonian streams. For this, we tested the following hypotheses: i) the environmental structure of streams will differ between different land uses and cover (pasture, mining and forest), ii) beta diversity (β) will be mainly affected by environmental variables related to habitat and riparian vegetation. Our results showed that the characteristics of the streams studied were not different between forest, pasture, and mining streams. On the other hand, the total beta diversity, and species replacement were associated with habitat variables, promoted by the environmental variation. Beta diversity in impacted streams was related to streams with greater widths and temperatures, while more preserved streams had greater canopy cover.. More altered areas, such as mining, showed similar beta diversity, mainly in the area of bauxite exploration and tailings deposit. Our results indicate that the beta diversity of semiaquatic bugs contribute to the study of altered areas, in addition, could inform conservation policies in streams affected by bauxite mining in the Amazon.
Checklist of spider species in a urban forest fragment in the Brazilian Amazon with 16 new local records and 3 new records from Brazil
The order Araneae comprises more than 52,000 described species of spiders and despite their high diversity, there is still a lot to study about their taxonomy and biogeography, especially in tropical regions. In this paper, we provide a checklist of spiders from the Research Campus of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, Brazil, with new records in different scales. The sampling occurred sporadically between 2011–2018, using different sampling methods. A total of 492 individuals of 172 morphospecies were recorded, distributed in 103 genera and 25 families. It was possible determining 84 species (48.8%), with 16 new records for Belém, including seven for Pará and three for Brazil. The relatively high species can be explained for many factors, such as sampling at different times of the year, use of various collection methods and the fact that the study area is connected to an extensive forest matrix to the northeast, possibly allowing the dispersal of individuals between areas. Finally, the new records, the high species richness and the amount of undetermined species highlights the challenges of having an acceptable level of faunistic knowledge of Amazonia spiders.
Adding a puzzle piece to the scorpion distribution: expanding the records of Tityus (Tityus) confluens Borelli, 1899 (Scorpiones, Buthidae) in southern Brazil
New records for the species Tityus (Tityus) confluens Borelli, 1899, previously known from the states of Ceará, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Piauí, and Tocantins in Brazil, are made for the state of Paraná. In addition, an updated map with these new records from Brazil is provided.
Natural history of Loxosceles chapadensis Bertani, Fukushima & Nagahama, 2010 (Araneae, Sicariidae)
Brown recluse-spiders of the genus Loxosceles comprise 147 species and it is responsible for the most significant araneism in South America. Gaps in knowledge exist for various species, such as Loxosceles chapadensis, whose biological information is scarce and limited to its description in 2010 and a few publications that mentioned it in some way. We aim to characterize the natural history of L. chapadensis and expand its knowledge and distribution. We captured 457 specimens through active search between 2022-2024 in seven locations (six caves) in Bahia, Brazil. We marked sampling areas according to microclimatic variables. Temperature and humidity were considered environmentally homogeneous, but the spatial distribution of spiders was heterogeneous, determined by luminosity. We conclude that L. chapadensis is a spider with cave-dwelling habits, endemic to the Brazilian Caatinga environments with high-altitude xeric geomorphological and vegetational characteristics, until then, with records in the States of Bahia and Piauí. Its occurrence at places with a large tourist flow requires care in the management plan of the caves where it occurs.
The jumping spider genus Nycerella Galiano, 1982 in Brazil, with description of the female of Nycerella melanopygia Galiano, 1982 (Araneae: Salticidae: Freyina)
Three species of Nycerella Galiano, 1982 have been recorded from Brazil: N. aprica (Peckham & Peckham, 1896), N. melanopygia Galiano, 1982 and N. volucripes Galiano, 1982. The female of N. melanopygia, however, remains undescribed. Herein, we describe the female of N. melanopygia for the first time, and give additional geographical records for the three species mentioned above, extending their distributions all the way to northeastern states of Brazil.
Sexual interactions between adult males and immature females in the subsocial spider Anelosimus vierae
This study aimed to analyze the consequences of sexual interactions between adult males and penultimate females of the Uruguayan subsocial spider Anelosimus vierae Agnarsson, 2012 (Theridiidae). In the laboratory, several experimental groups were formed consisting of unrelated adult males and penultimate females of the species. The courtship and pseudo-copulation behaviors that occur between adult males and penultimate females were described in detail. These sexual behaviors were shown to have positive effects on future sexual encounters.
Deelemanian ant mimicry: on the natural history and new records of Tapixaua callida Bonaldo, 2000 (Araneae, Corinnidae, Corinninae)
The genus Tapixaua Bonaldo, 2000 is known only by a single species, Tapixaua callida described by Bonaldo in 2000 from Brazil and Peru. The species can be easily recognized by having abundant modified hairs on the apex of the femora, patellae, and tibiae of leg I, a condition previously suggested as instrumental in simulating the cephalic tagma of ants. Herein, we expanded the knowledge on the geographical distribution of the taxon from Huánuco (Peru), and Amazonas and Mato Grosso (Brazil), to Loreto (Peru) and Caquetá (Colombia), to the north, and to the states of Pará and Maranhão, Brazil, to the east, and provided a distribution map with all the records of T. callida obtained so far. Additionally, data on its natural history based on observations, photographs, and videos are presented. The ant-mimiking solution presented by this species, by combining morphological and behavioral elements to trigger resemblance with ants ‘as needed,’ was previously reported only for the South Asian Pranburia mahannopi Deeleman-Reinhold, 1993 and is here named Deelemanian mimicry.
Spider species richness is driven by insect diversity rather than habitat complexity in the understory of the Brazilian Cerrado
Habitat complexity is determined by the variation of physical and biological components within an environment. More complex habitats generally provide a greater diversity of shelters, food, and reproduction sites, contributing to richer biodiversity. In this study, we investigated how habitat complexity, provided by understory plants in natural areas of the Brazilian Cerrado, influences spider species richness. We assessed structural variables such as leaf number, plant size, and herbivory incidence, as well as prey availability measured by insect richness. Our results revealed that spider richness was positively correlated with insect richness, highlighting the role of prey diversity in supporting predator communities. However, an inverse relationship between spider richness and leaf number suggests that denser foliage may limit accessibility for some spider species or favor dominance by specialists. These findings emphasize the importance of conservation strategies focused on preserving plant diversity and structural heterogeneity to maintain ecological balance and biodiversity in the Cerrado.
First description of the female and a new junior synonym of Corythalia vervloeti Soares & Camargo, 1948 (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)
The female of Corythalia vervloeti Soares & Camargo, 1948 is described and illustrated for the first time. Eustiromastix efferatus Bauab-Vianna & Soares, 1978 is considered a junior synonym of Corythalia vervloeti based on the original description and illustrations of the former. New records expand the known distribution of the species throughout the Atlantic Forest, Pantanal, and the Brazilian and Ecuadorian Amazon. The position of C. vervloeti within the genus is discussed.
Hunting the hunter: evidence of intraguild predation among bark-dwelling pseudoscorpions in the Brazilian savanna
Intraguild predation, in which animals within the same guild prey on each other, is quite common among arachnids, especially dwelling on the ground. While pseudoscorpions can be found on the ground, tree trunks, and canopies, there is limited evidence of predation among pseudoscorpion species in their natural habitats. This study reports predatory interactions among four species of bark-dwelling pseudoscorpions in the Brazilian Cerrado. We observed two species of Victorwithius (Withiidae) (V. similis and V. rufus) opportunistically attacking and feeding on nymphs of Paratemnoides nidificator (Atemnidae). Additionally, Parachernes melanopygus (Chernetidae) acted as a social parasite, feeding on juveniles within colonies. These observations were made in six different regions of the Brazilian Cerrado. In all cases, P. nidificator was placed as the intraguild prey, while the other species acted as intraguild predators. In this system, Paratemnoides colonies may represent a predictable food resource for other pseudoscorpions, especially during the dry season when prey is scarce.
On the first South American records of widespread linyphiid spiders (Araneae)
The linyphiid species Agyneta galapagosensis (Baert, 1990), Erigone autumnalis Emerton, 1882 and Mermessus fradeorum (Berland, 1932) are recorded for the first time on the continental South America. In addition, the distribution data of Neriene redacta Chamberlin, 1925 is expanded. Figures of the habitus, a distribution map of the new records and new data about the natural history of these species are provided. These results show the high dispersal capacity and adaptability of these linyphiid spiders to different environmental conditions, such as agroecosystems and urban areas.
Updated geographical distribution of the family Barychelidae Simon, 1889 from Brazil (Araneae: Mygalomorphae)
Spiders of the family Barychelidae, the sister group to Theraphosidae, are mainly concentrated in the Southern Hemisphere. In the Neotropical region, Barychelidae is represented by five genera found in Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, Panama, Peru and Venezuela. Barychelid spiders are known for their sedentary behavior, spending most of their lives in burrows constructed with a hinged trapdoor made of silk and soil. This habit and the difficulty in identifying and locating their camouflaged burrows, poses challenges to obtaining specimens thereby obscuring the group’s true diversity. Examination of numerous specimens from different zoological collections allowed us to expand the distribution of Barychelidae spiders adding 95 new records. In addition to geographic data from colleted material, we were able to find 56 iNaturalist observations of barychelid spiders, with 29 in unpublished locations, totaling 124 new records in Brazil. Overall, the expanded geographical distribution of Barychelidae spiders in Brazil has revealed remarkable diversity, with numerous species covering a variety of habitats. This distribution mapping can provide valuable information for the study of populations variation and evolutionary relationships and help in the biogeographical research of the family Barychelidae.
Comportamento de acasalamento e cuidado parental no pseudoescorpião neotropical Americhernes betaniae Mahnert, 1979 (Arachnida: Chernetidae)
Pseudoscorpions reproduce indirectly, transferring a spermatophore deposited on the substrate. In Cheliferoidea, males perform an elaborate ritual involving pedipalps vibrations and a mating ‘dance’ before depositing the spermatophore in the presence of the female. Thus, this study investigated the reproductive behavior and parental care of the neotropical pseudoscorpion Americhernes bethaniae, from populations collected in the Brazilian Cerrado. Pseudoscorpions were collected from live tree trunks and stored in the laboratory for behavioral observations. In the case of A. bethaniae, courtship involved ritual vibration of the pedipalps, followed by eight distinct reproduction stages: approach, sex identification, fixation, dance, spermatophore formation, spermatophore transfer, and then either a fight or resumption of the process. Females built silk nests and produced an embryonic sac about 15 days after mating. Three days after the first ecdysis of the juveniles, the mother left the silk chamber. The male remained with the female until she sealed herself inside the silk nest, but did not contribute to the offspring care. This guarding behavior may suggest a strategy to ensure paternity.
A new species of Plesiopelma from Uruguay (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae)
We describe and illustrate a new tarantula species of the genus Plesiopelma from Lavalleja and Maldonado, Uruguay. Plesiopelma arevaloae sp. nov. is distinguished from other known species by morphological characters and molecular evidence.
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On some Heteropoda species from Southeast Asia with new data on their biology and distribution range and the resurrection of a new species group (Sparassidae: Heteropodinae)
Eight species of the huntsman spider genus Heteropoda Latreille, 1804 are described; Heteropoda bufocorniculans spec. nov. (Sabah, Sarawak; female), H. sederhana spec. nov. (Java; female), H. temburong spec. nov. (Brunei, Sabah, Sarawak; male, female), H. trifurcata spec. nov. (Pahang State, Malaysia; male, female), H. tutula spec. nov. (Singapore; female), H. tympanum spec. nov. (Penang, Malaysia; female), H. ulna spec. nov. (Sumatra, Indonesia; female), and H. uniter spec. nov. (Kalimantan, Indonesia; female). The latter six species, along with H. ocyalina (Simon, 1887) and H. asa Jäger, 2024, are included in the newly proposed ocyalina species-group. H. fasciata (Reimoser, 1927) is removed from synonymy of H. ocyalina (Simon, 1887) and considered a nomen dubium. The male of Heteropoda borneensis (Thorell, 1890) is illustrated for the first time, male and female are redescribed, new distributional data are presented, including the first records from Brunei, Indonesia (Kalimantan Utara), Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur, Sabah), and Singapore. Heteropoda strandi Jäger, 2002 and H. lunula (Doleschall, 1857) are formally documented for the first time from Singapore, the female of the former is redescribed.
Fernando Fernando da Silva Carvalho-Filho